Substrate-Independence: A thread about terminology, definitions and subsets

Whole Brain Emulation: Roadmap (v1.0, 2007-2008, Future of Humanity Institute)

The Society of Neural Prosthetics and Whole Brain Emulation Science: minduploading.org

The Neural Prostheses Foundation investigating Transfer of Functions of the Mind: NeuralProstheses.Org

Parker, A.C., Friesz, A.K., and Pakdaman, A. (2006). Towards a Nanoscale Artificial Cortex, presented at The 2006 International Conference on Computing in Nanotechnology (CNAN'06), June 26-29, 2006, Las Vegas, USA: http://eve.usc.edu/Publications/NanoscaleArtificialCortex.pdf

Neuroscience
ATLUM: http://www.mcb.harvard.edu/lichtman/ATLUM/ATLUM_web.htm (Ken Hayworth)
KESM: http://research.cs.tamu.edu/bnl/kesm.html (Yoonsuck Choe, Todd Huffman)

Knife-Edge Scanning Microscope Brain Atlas: http://kesm.cs.tamu.edu/

Human Connectome Project: http://www.humanconnectomeproject.org

Human Brain Project: http://www.humanbrainproject.eu/organisation.html

Open Connectome Project: http://openconnectomeproject.org

Comparison of Brain Projects: http://synapticlink.org/BrainProjectComparison.htm

Briggman, K.L., Helmstaedter, M., and Denk, W. (2011). Wiring Specificity in the Direction-Selectivity circuit of the retina, Nature, Vol.471, 183-188: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v471/n7337/full/nature09818.html

Bock, D.D., Lee, W.-C.A., Kerlin, A.M., Andermann, M.L., Hood, G., Wetzel, A.W., Yurgenson, S., Soucy, E.R., Kim, H.S., and Reid, R.C. (2011). Network anatomy and in vivo physiology of visual cortical neurons, Nature, Vol.471, 177-182: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v471/n7337/full/nature09802.html
Stevenson, I.H., Kording, K.P. (2011). How advances in neural recording affect data analysis, Nature Neuroscience, Vol.14(2), 139-142: http://klab.wikidot.com/local--files/ian-stevenson/nn.2731.pdf

BlueBrain project: http://bluebrain.epfl.ch/ (Henry Markram)

NeuroModeling Geometric Reconstruction project: http://cvcweb.ices.utexas.edu/cvcwp/?page_id=176 (Computational Visualization Center, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin)

Synthetic Neurobiology Group: http://syntheticneurobiology.org/ (Ed Boyden)

Neural-Prosthesis.com: http://www.neural-prosthesis.com/ (Ted Berger)
BrainGate project: http://www.braingate2.org/ (John Donoghue)White, J.G., Southgate, E., Thomson, J.N., and Brenner, S., F.R.S. (1986). The Structure of the Nervous System of the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London. Series B, Biol Scien. Vol.314, Issue 1165, 1-340: http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/MoW_built0.92/toc.html